10 KiB
PyPI publish GitHub Action
This action allows you to upload your Python distribution packages
in the dist/
directory to PyPI.
This text suggests a minimalistic usage overview. For more detailed
walkthrough check out the PyPA guide.
If you have any feedback regarding specific action versions, please leave comments in the corresponding per-release announcement discussions.
🌇 master
branch sunset ❗
The master
branch version has been sunset. Please, change the GitHub
Action version you use from master
to release/v1
or use an exact
tag, or opt-in to use a full Git commit SHA and Dependabot.
Usage
Trusted publishing
[!NOTE] Trusted publishing does not support reusable workflows at this time, please use a username/token instead.
Note
Trusted publishing is sometimes referred to by its underlying technology -- OpenID Connect, or OIDC for short. If you see references to "OIDC publishing" in the context of PyPI, this is what they're referring to.
This example jumps right into the current best practice. If you want to use API tokens directly or a less secure username and password, check out how to specify username and password.
This action supports PyPI's trusted publishing implementation, which allows authentication to PyPI without a manually configured API token or username/password combination. To perform trusted publishing with this action, your project's publisher must already be configured on PyPI.
To enter the trusted publishing flow, configure this action's job with the
id-token: write
permission and without an explicit username or password:
# .github/workflows/ci-cd.yml
jobs:
pypi-publish:
name: Upload release to PyPI
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment:
name: pypi
url: https://pypi.org/p/<your-pypi-project-name>
permissions:
id-token: write # IMPORTANT: this permission is mandatory for trusted publishing
steps:
# retrieve your distributions here
- name: Publish package distributions to PyPI
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
Note
Pro tip: instead of using branch pointers, like
unstable/v1
, pin versions of Actions that you use to tagged versions or sha1 commit identifiers. This will make your workflows more secure and better reproducible, saving you from sudden and unpleasant surprises.
Other indices that support trusted publishing can also be used, like TestPyPI:
- name: Publish package distributions to TestPyPI
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
with:
repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
(don't forget to update the environment name to testpypi
or similar!)
Note
Pro tip: only set the
id-token: write
permission in the job that does publishing, not globally. Also, try to separate building from publishing — this makes sure that any scripts maliciously injected into the build or test environment won't be able to elevate privileges while flying under the radar.
A common use case is to upload packages only on a tagged commit, to do so add a filter to the job:
if: github.event_name == 'push' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
Non-goals
This GitHub Action has nothing to do with building package
distributions. Users are responsible for preparing dists for upload
by putting them into the dist/
folder prior to running this Action.
Important
Since this GitHub Action is docker-based, it can only be used from within GNU/Linux based jobs in GitHub Actions CI/CD workflows. This is by design and is unlikely to change due to a number of considerations we rely on.
This should not stop one from publishing platform-specific distribution packages, though. It is strongly advised to separate jobs for building the OS-specific wheels from the publish job. This allows one to (1) test exactly the same artifacts that are about to be uploaded to PyPI, (2) prevent parallel unsynchronized jobs from publishing only part of the dists asynchronously (in case when part of the jobs fail and others succeed ending up with an incomplete release on PyPI) and (3) make an atomic upload to PyPI (when part of the dists appear on PyPI, installers like pip will use that version for the dependency resolution but this may cause some environments to use sdists while the wheel for their runtime is not yet available).
To implement this sort of orchestration, please use
actions/upload-artifact
andactions/download-artifact
actions for sharing the built dists across stages and jobs. Then, use theneeds
setting to order the build, test and publish stages.
Advanced release management
For best results, figure out what kind of workflow fits your project's specific needs.
For example, you could implement a parallel job that
pushes every commit to TestPyPI or your own index server,
like devpi
. For this, you'd need to (1) specify a custom
repository-url
value and (2) generate a unique version
number for each upload so that they'd not create a conflict.
The latter is possible if you use setuptools_scm
package but
you could also invent your own solution based on the distance
to the latest tagged commit.
You'll need to create another token for a separate host and then save it as a GitHub repo secret under an environment used in your job. Though, passing a password would disable the secretless trusted publishing so it's better to configure it instead, when publishing to TestPyPI and not something custom.
The action invocation in this case would look like:
- name: Publish package to TestPyPI
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
with:
password: ${{ secrets.TEST_PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
repository-url: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
Customizing target package dists directory
You can change the default target directory of dist/
to any directory of your liking. The action invocation
would now look like:
- name: Publish package to PyPI
uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
with:
packages-dir: custom-dir/
Disabling metadata verification
It is recommended that you run twine check
just after producing your files,
but this also runs twine check
before upload. You can also disable the twine
check with:
with:
verify-metadata: false
Tolerating release package file duplicates
Sometimes, when you publish releases from multiple places, your workflow may hit race conditions. For example, when publishing from multiple CIs or even having workflows with the same steps triggered within GitHub Actions CI/CD for different events concerning the same high-level act.
To facilitate this use-case, you may use skip-existing
(disabled by
default) setting as follows:
with:
skip-existing: true
Note
Pro tip: try to avoid enabling this setting where possible. If you have steps for publishing to both PyPI and TestPyPI, consider only using it for the latter, having the former fail loudly on duplicates.
For Debugging
Sometimes, twine upload
can fail and to debug use the verbose
setting as follows:
with:
verbose: true
Showing hash values of files to be uploaded
You may want to verify whether the files on PyPI were automatically uploaded by CI script. It will show SHA256, MD5, BLAKE2-256 values of files to be uploaded.
with:
print-hash: true
Specifying a different username
The default username value is __token__
. If you publish to a custom
registry that does not provide API tokens, like devpi
, you may need to
specify a custom username and password pair. This is how it's done.
with:
user: guido
password: ${{ secrets.DEVPI_PASSWORD }}
The secret used in ${{ secrets.DEVPI_PASSWORD }}
needs to be created on the
environment page under the settings of your project on GitHub.
See Creating & using secrets.
In the past, when publishing to PyPI, the most secure way of the access scoping
for automatic publishing was to use the API tokens feature of
PyPI. One would make it project-scoped and save as an environment-bound secret
in their GitHub repository settings, naming it ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
,
for example. See Creating & using secrets. While still secure,
trusted publishing is now encouraged over API tokens as a best practice
on supported platforms (like GitHub).
License
The Dockerfile and associated scripts and documentation in this project are released under the BSD 3-clause license.