if __name__ == '__main__': # prevent this code from running whenever this file is imported in another file as a module
    file_path = "test.txt" # we will be opening this file
    try: # catch any exceptions that are thrown in the following block
        with open(file_path, 'w') as f: # open the file (this is a context manager, so it automatically handles closing the file descriptor once we're done with it)
            f.write('Hello, World!\n') # write to the file
    except Exception as e: # if an exception is raised, catch it and process it
        if isinstance(e, PermissionError): # if the exception being caught is a PermissionsError, execute the following code
            print(f'Cannot write to file {file_path}, permission denied')
        else: # if not, execute the following code
            print(f'Cannot write to file {file_path}\n{e}')