diff --git a/src/utils/io/file-path.ts b/src/utils/io/file-path.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..495eb8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/utils/io/file-path.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+import { PathLike } from "node:fs";
+import { FileHandle } from "node:fs/promises";
+
+/**
+ * Represents a file path for asynchronous (non-blocking) operations.
+ */
+export type AsyncFilePath = PathLike | FileHandle;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a file path for synchronous (blocking) operations.
+ */
+export type SyncFilePath = PathLike | number;
+
+/**
+ * Represents a file path.
+ */
+export type FilePath = AsyncFilePath | SyncFilePath;
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the provided value is a valid {@link FilePath}.
+ *
+ * @param path - The value to check.
+ *
+ * @returns `true` if the value is a valid {@link FilePath}; otherwise, `false`.
+ */
+export function isFilePath(path: unknown): path is FilePath {
+    return (
+        typeof path === "string" ||
+        typeof path === "number" ||
+        typeof (path as URL)?.pathname === "string" ||
+        Buffer.isBuffer(path) ||
+        isFileHandle(path)
+    );
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the provided value is a valid {@link AsyncFilePath}.
+ *
+ * @param path - The value to check.
+ *
+ * @returns `true` if the value is a valid {@link AsyncFilePath}; otherwise, `false`.
+ */
+export function isAsyncFilePath(path: unknown): path is AsyncFilePath {
+    return isFilePath(path) && typeof path !== "number";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the provided value is a valid {@link SyncFilePath}.
+ *
+ * @param path - The value to check.
+ *
+ * @returns `true` if the value is a valid {@link SyncFilePath}; otherwise, `false`.
+ */
+export function isSyncFilePath(path: unknown): path is SyncFilePath {
+    return isFilePath(path) && !isFileHandle(path);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Determines if the provided value is a valid {@link FileHandle}.
+ *
+ * @param path - The value to check.
+ *
+ * @returns `true` if the value is a valid {@link FileHandle}; otherwise, `false`.
+ */
+function isFileHandle(handle: unknown): handle is FileHandle {
+    return typeof (handle as FileHandle)?.fd === "number";
+}
diff --git a/tests/unit/utils/io/file-path.spec.ts b/tests/unit/utils/io/file-path.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a46b096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/unit/utils/io/file-path.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+import { isAsyncFilePath, isFilePath, isSyncFilePath } from "@/utils/io/file-path";
+import { FileHandle } from "node:fs/promises";
+
+describe("isFilePath", () => {
+    test("returns true for string file paths", () => {
+        expect(isFilePath("path/to/file.txt")).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for file descriptors", () => {
+        expect(isFilePath(123)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for URL file paths", () => {
+        expect(isFilePath(new URL("file:///path/to/file.txt"))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for Buffer file paths", () => {
+        expect(isFilePath(Buffer.from("path/to/file.txt"))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for file handles", () => {
+        expect(isFilePath({ fd: 1 } as FileHandle)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns false for invalid file paths", () => {
+        expect(isFilePath(null)).toBe(false);
+        expect(isFilePath(undefined)).toBe(false);
+        expect(isFilePath({})).toBe(false);
+        expect(isFilePath([])).toBe(false);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("isAsyncFilePath", () => {
+    test("returns true for string file paths", () => {
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath("path/to/file.txt")).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for URL file paths", () => {
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath(new URL("file:///path/to/file.txt"))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for Buffer file paths", () => {
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath(Buffer.from("path/to/file.txt"))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for file handles", () => {
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath({ fd: 1 } as FileHandle)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns false for invalid file paths", () => {
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath(null)).toBe(false);
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath(undefined)).toBe(false);
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath({})).toBe(false);
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath([])).toBe(false);
+        expect(isAsyncFilePath(1)).toBe(false);
+    });
+});
+
+describe("isSyncFilePath", () => {
+    test("returns true for string file paths", () => {
+        expect(isSyncFilePath("path/to/file.txt")).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for file descriptors", () => {
+        expect(isSyncFilePath(123)).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for URL file paths", () => {
+        expect(isSyncFilePath(new URL("file:///path/to/file.txt"))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns true for Buffer file paths", () => {
+        expect(isSyncFilePath(Buffer.from("path/to/file.txt"))).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    test("returns false for file handles", () => {
+        expect(isSyncFilePath({ fd: 1 } as FileHandle)).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    test("returns false for invalid file paths", () => {
+        expect(isSyncFilePath(null)).toBe(false);
+        expect(isSyncFilePath(undefined)).toBe(false);
+        expect(isSyncFilePath({})).toBe(false);
+        expect(isSyncFilePath([])).toBe(false);
+    });
+});