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Add inherits and safer-buffer

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/.dev /.dev
/lib /lib
/node_modules/* /node_modules/*
# Fix https://github.com/crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg/issues/9
!/node_modules/asn1.js/ !/node_modules/asn1.js/
!/node_modules/bn.js/ !/node_modules/bn.js/
!/node_modules/inherits/
!/node_modules/safe-buffer/
!/node_modules/minimalistic-assert.js/ !/node_modules/minimalistic-assert.js/
# Jetbrains # Jetbrains

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The ISC License
Copyright (c) Isaac Z. Schlueter
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR
OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

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Browser-friendly inheritance fully compatible with standard node.js
[inherits](http://nodejs.org/api/util.html#util_util_inherits_constructor_superconstructor).
This package exports standard `inherits` from node.js `util` module in
node environment, but also provides alternative browser-friendly
implementation through [browser
field](https://gist.github.com/shtylman/4339901). Alternative
implementation is a literal copy of standard one located in standalone
module to avoid requiring of `util`. It also has a shim for old
browsers with no `Object.create` support.
While keeping you sure you are using standard `inherits`
implementation in node.js environment, it allows bundlers such as
[browserify](https://github.com/substack/node-browserify) to not
include full `util` package to your client code if all you need is
just `inherits` function. It worth, because browser shim for `util`
package is large and `inherits` is often the single function you need
from it.
It's recommended to use this package instead of
`require('util').inherits` for any code that has chances to be used
not only in node.js but in browser too.
## usage
```js
var inherits = require('inherits');
// then use exactly as the standard one
```
## note on version ~1.0
Version ~1.0 had completely different motivation and is not compatible
neither with 2.0 nor with standard node.js `inherits`.
If you are using version ~1.0 and planning to switch to ~2.0, be
careful:
* new version uses `super_` instead of `super` for referencing
superclass
* new version overwrites current prototype while old one preserves any
existing fields on it

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try {
var util = require('util');
/* istanbul ignore next */
if (typeof util.inherits !== 'function') throw '';
module.exports = util.inherits;
} catch (e) {
/* istanbul ignore next */
module.exports = require('./inherits_browser.js');
}

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if (typeof Object.create === 'function') {
// implementation from standard node.js 'util' module
module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
if (superCtor) {
ctor.super_ = superCtor
ctor.prototype = Object.create(superCtor.prototype, {
constructor: {
value: ctor,
enumerable: false,
writable: true,
configurable: true
}
})
}
};
} else {
// old school shim for old browsers
module.exports = function inherits(ctor, superCtor) {
if (superCtor) {
ctor.super_ = superCtor
var TempCtor = function () {}
TempCtor.prototype = superCtor.prototype
ctor.prototype = new TempCtor()
ctor.prototype.constructor = ctor
}
}
}

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{
"_args": [
[
"inherits@2.0.4",
"X:\\dev\\neard\\www\\github\\ghaction\\ghaction-import-gpg"
]
],
"_from": "inherits@2.0.4",
"_id": "inherits@2.0.4",
"_inBundle": false,
"_integrity": "sha512-k/vGaX4/Yla3WzyMCvTQOXYeIHvqOKtnqBduzTHpzpQZzAskKMhZ2K+EnBiSM9zGSoIFeMpXKxa4dYeZIQqewQ==",
"_location": "/inherits",
"_phantomChildren": {},
"_requested": {
"type": "version",
"registry": true,
"raw": "inherits@2.0.4",
"name": "inherits",
"escapedName": "inherits",
"rawSpec": "2.0.4",
"saveSpec": null,
"fetchSpec": "2.0.4"
},
"_requiredBy": [
"/asn1.js",
"/glob"
],
"_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/inherits/-/inherits-2.0.4.tgz",
"_spec": "2.0.4",
"_where": "X:\\dev\\neard\\www\\github\\ghaction\\ghaction-import-gpg",
"browser": "./inherits_browser.js",
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/isaacs/inherits/issues"
},
"description": "Browser-friendly inheritance fully compatible with standard node.js inherits()",
"devDependencies": {
"tap": "^14.2.4"
},
"files": [
"inherits.js",
"inherits_browser.js"
],
"homepage": "https://github.com/isaacs/inherits#readme",
"keywords": [
"inheritance",
"class",
"klass",
"oop",
"object-oriented",
"inherits",
"browser",
"browserify"
],
"license": "ISC",
"main": "./inherits.js",
"name": "inherits",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/isaacs/inherits.git"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "tap"
},
"version": "2.0.4"
}

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The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) Feross Aboukhadijeh
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.

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# safe-buffer [![travis][travis-image]][travis-url] [![npm][npm-image]][npm-url] [![downloads][downloads-image]][downloads-url] [![javascript style guide][standard-image]][standard-url]
[travis-image]: https://img.shields.io/travis/feross/safe-buffer/master.svg
[travis-url]: https://travis-ci.org/feross/safe-buffer
[npm-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/v/safe-buffer.svg
[npm-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
[downloads-image]: https://img.shields.io/npm/dm/safe-buffer.svg
[downloads-url]: https://npmjs.org/package/safe-buffer
[standard-image]: https://img.shields.io/badge/code_style-standard-brightgreen.svg
[standard-url]: https://standardjs.com
#### Safer Node.js Buffer API
**Use the new Node.js Buffer APIs (`Buffer.from`, `Buffer.alloc`,
`Buffer.allocUnsafe`, `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow`) in all versions of Node.js.**
**Uses the built-in implementation when available.**
## install
```
npm install safe-buffer
```
## usage
The goal of this package is to provide a safe replacement for the node.js `Buffer`.
It's a drop-in replacement for `Buffer`. You can use it by adding one `require` line to
the top of your node.js modules:
```js
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
// Existing buffer code will continue to work without issues:
new Buffer('hey', 'utf8')
new Buffer([1, 2, 3], 'utf8')
new Buffer(obj)
new Buffer(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
// But you can use these new explicit APIs to make clear what you want:
Buffer.from('hey', 'utf8') // convert from many types to a Buffer
Buffer.alloc(16) // create a zero-filled buffer (safe)
Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // create an uninitialized buffer (potentially unsafe)
```
## api
### Class Method: Buffer.from(array)
<!-- YAML
added: v3.0.0
-->
* `array` {Array}
Allocates a new `Buffer` using an `array` of octets.
```js
const buf = Buffer.from([0x62,0x75,0x66,0x66,0x65,0x72]);
// creates a new Buffer containing ASCII bytes
// ['b','u','f','f','e','r']
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `array` is not an `Array`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(arrayBuffer[, byteOffset[, length]])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `arrayBuffer` {ArrayBuffer} The `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` or
a `new ArrayBuffer()`
* `byteOffset` {Number} Default: `0`
* `length` {Number} Default: `arrayBuffer.length - byteOffset`
When passed a reference to the `.buffer` property of a `TypedArray` instance,
the newly created `Buffer` will share the same allocated memory as the
TypedArray.
```js
const arr = new Uint16Array(2);
arr[0] = 5000;
arr[1] = 4000;
const buf = Buffer.from(arr.buffer); // shares the memory with arr;
console.log(buf);
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 a0 0f>
// changing the TypedArray changes the Buffer also
arr[1] = 6000;
console.log(buf);
// Prints: <Buffer 88 13 70 17>
```
The optional `byteOffset` and `length` arguments specify a memory range within
the `arrayBuffer` that will be shared by the `Buffer`.
```js
const ab = new ArrayBuffer(10);
const buf = Buffer.from(ab, 0, 2);
console.log(buf.length);
// Prints: 2
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `arrayBuffer` is not an `ArrayBuffer`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(buffer)
<!-- YAML
added: v3.0.0
-->
* `buffer` {Buffer}
Copies the passed `buffer` data onto a new `Buffer` instance.
```js
const buf1 = Buffer.from('buffer');
const buf2 = Buffer.from(buf1);
buf1[0] = 0x61;
console.log(buf1.toString());
// 'auffer'
console.log(buf2.toString());
// 'buffer' (copy is not changed)
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `buffer` is not a `Buffer`.
### Class Method: Buffer.from(str[, encoding])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `str` {String} String to encode.
* `encoding` {String} Encoding to use, Default: `'utf8'`
Creates a new `Buffer` containing the given JavaScript string `str`. If
provided, the `encoding` parameter identifies the character encoding.
If not provided, `encoding` defaults to `'utf8'`.
```js
const buf1 = Buffer.from('this is a tést');
console.log(buf1.toString());
// prints: this is a tést
console.log(buf1.toString('ascii'));
// prints: this is a tC)st
const buf2 = Buffer.from('7468697320697320612074c3a97374', 'hex');
console.log(buf2.toString());
// prints: this is a tést
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `str` is not a string.
### Class Method: Buffer.alloc(size[, fill[, encoding]])
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
* `fill` {Value} Default: `undefined`
* `encoding` {String} Default: `utf8`
Allocates a new `Buffer` of `size` bytes. If `fill` is `undefined`, the
`Buffer` will be *zero-filled*.
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
```
The `size` must be less than or equal to the value of
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
If `fill` is specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be initialized by calling
`buf.fill(fill)`. See [`buf.fill()`][] for more information.
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(5, 'a');
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 61 61 61 61 61>
```
If both `fill` and `encoding` are specified, the allocated `Buffer` will be
initialized by calling `buf.fill(fill, encoding)`. For example:
```js
const buf = Buffer.alloc(11, 'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=', 'base64');
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 68 65 6c 6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64>
```
Calling `Buffer.alloc(size)` can be significantly slower than the alternative
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` but ensures that the newly created `Buffer` instance
contents will *never contain sensitive data*.
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The `size` must
be less than or equal to the value of `require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit
architectures, `kMaxLength` is `(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is
thrown. A zero-length Buffer will be created if a `size` less than or equal to
0 is specified.
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
```js
const buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(5);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 78 e0 82 02 01>
// (octets will be different, every time)
buf.fill(0);
console.log(buf);
// <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00>
```
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
Note that the `Buffer` module pre-allocates an internal `Buffer` instance of
size `Buffer.poolSize` that is used as a pool for the fast allocation of new
`Buffer` instances created using `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` (and the deprecated
`new Buffer(size)` constructor) only when `size` is less than or equal to
`Buffer.poolSize >> 1` (floor of `Buffer.poolSize` divided by two). The default
value of `Buffer.poolSize` is `8192` but can be modified.
Use of this pre-allocated internal memory pool is a key difference between
calling `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` vs. `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)`.
Specifically, `Buffer.alloc(size, fill)` will *never* use the internal Buffer
pool, while `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size).fill(fill)` *will* use the internal
Buffer pool if `size` is less than or equal to half `Buffer.poolSize`. The
difference is subtle but can be important when an application requires the
additional performance that `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` provides.
### Class Method: Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(size)
<!-- YAML
added: v5.10.0
-->
* `size` {Number}
Allocates a new *non-zero-filled* and non-pooled `Buffer` of `size` bytes. The
`size` must be less than or equal to the value of
`require('buffer').kMaxLength` (on 64-bit architectures, `kMaxLength` is
`(2^31)-1`). Otherwise, a [`RangeError`][] is thrown. A zero-length Buffer will
be created if a `size` less than or equal to 0 is specified.
The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is *not
initialized*. The contents of the newly created `Buffer` are unknown and
*may contain sensitive data*. Use [`buf.fill(0)`][] to initialize such
`Buffer` instances to zeroes.
When using `Buffer.allocUnsafe()` to allocate new `Buffer` instances,
allocations under 4KB are, by default, sliced from a single pre-allocated
`Buffer`. This allows applications to avoid the garbage collection overhead of
creating many individually allocated Buffers. This approach improves both
performance and memory usage by eliminating the need to track and cleanup as
many `Persistent` objects.
However, in the case where a developer may need to retain a small chunk of
memory from a pool for an indeterminate amount of time, it may be appropriate
to create an un-pooled Buffer instance using `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` then
copy out the relevant bits.
```js
// need to keep around a few small chunks of memory
const store = [];
socket.on('readable', () => {
const data = socket.read();
// allocate for retained data
const sb = Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow(10);
// copy the data into the new allocation
data.copy(sb, 0, 0, 10);
store.push(sb);
});
```
Use of `Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow()` should be used only as a last resort *after*
a developer has observed undue memory retention in their applications.
A `TypeError` will be thrown if `size` is not a number.
### All the Rest
The rest of the `Buffer` API is exactly the same as in node.js.
[See the docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html).
## Related links
- [Node.js issue: Buffer(number) is unsafe](https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/4660)
- [Node.js Enhancement Proposal: Buffer.from/Buffer.alloc/Buffer.zalloc/Buffer() soft-deprecate](https://github.com/nodejs/node-eps/pull/4)
## Why is `Buffer` unsafe?
Today, the node.js `Buffer` constructor is overloaded to handle many different argument
types like `String`, `Array`, `Object`, `TypedArrayView` (`Uint8Array`, etc.),
`ArrayBuffer`, and also `Number`.
The API is optimized for convenience: you can throw any type at it, and it will try to do
what you want.
Because the Buffer constructor is so powerful, you often see code like this:
```js
// Convert UTF-8 strings to hex
function toHex (str) {
return new Buffer(str).toString('hex')
}
```
***But what happens if `toHex` is called with a `Number` argument?***
### Remote Memory Disclosure
If an attacker can make your program call the `Buffer` constructor with a `Number`
argument, then they can make it allocate uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
This could potentially disclose TLS private keys, user data, or database passwords.
When the `Buffer` constructor is passed a `Number` argument, it returns an
**UNINITIALIZED** block of memory of the specified `size`. When you create a `Buffer` like
this, you **MUST** overwrite the contents before returning it to the user.
From the [node.js docs](https://nodejs.org/api/buffer.html#buffer_new_buffer_size):
> `new Buffer(size)`
>
> - `size` Number
>
> The underlying memory for `Buffer` instances created in this way is not initialized.
> **The contents of a newly created `Buffer` are unknown and could contain sensitive
> data.** Use `buf.fill(0)` to initialize a Buffer to zeroes.
(Emphasis our own.)
Whenever the programmer intended to create an uninitialized `Buffer` you often see code
like this:
```js
var buf = new Buffer(16)
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
}
```
### Would this ever be a problem in real code?
Yes. It's surprisingly common to forget to check the type of your variables in a
dynamically-typed language like JavaScript.
Usually the consequences of assuming the wrong type is that your program crashes with an
uncaught exception. But the failure mode for forgetting to check the type of arguments to
the `Buffer` constructor is more catastrophic.
Here's an example of a vulnerable service that takes a JSON payload and converts it to
hex:
```js
// Take a JSON payload {str: "some string"} and convert it to hex
var server = http.createServer(function (req, res) {
var data = ''
req.setEncoding('utf8')
req.on('data', function (chunk) {
data += chunk
})
req.on('end', function () {
var body = JSON.parse(data)
res.end(new Buffer(body.str).toString('hex'))
})
})
server.listen(8080)
```
In this example, an http client just has to send:
```json
{
"str": 1000
}
```
and it will get back 1,000 bytes of uninitialized memory from the server.
This is a very serious bug. It's similar in severity to the
[the Heartbleed bug](http://heartbleed.com/) that allowed disclosure of OpenSSL process
memory by remote attackers.
### Which real-world packages were vulnerable?
#### [`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht)
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and I
([Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/)) found this issue in one of our own packages,
[`bittorrent-dht`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/bittorrent-dht). The bug would allow
anyone on the internet to send a series of messages to a user of `bittorrent-dht` and get
them to reveal 20 bytes at a time of uninitialized memory from the node.js process.
Here's
[the commit](https://github.com/feross/bittorrent-dht/commit/6c7da04025d5633699800a99ec3fbadf70ad35b8)
that fixed it. We released a new fixed version, created a
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68), and deprecated all
vulnerable versions on npm so users will get a warning to upgrade to a newer version.
#### [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws)
That got us wondering if there were other vulnerable packages. Sure enough, within a short
period of time, we found the same issue in [`ws`](https://www.npmjs.com/package/ws), the
most popular WebSocket implementation in node.js.
If certain APIs were called with `Number` parameters instead of `String` or `Buffer` as
expected, then uninitialized server memory would be disclosed to the remote peer.
These were the vulnerable methods:
```js
socket.send(number)
socket.ping(number)
socket.pong(number)
```
Here's a vulnerable socket server with some echo functionality:
```js
server.on('connection', function (socket) {
socket.on('message', function (message) {
message = JSON.parse(message)
if (message.type === 'echo') {
socket.send(message.data) // send back the user's message
}
})
})
```
`socket.send(number)` called on the server, will disclose server memory.
Here's [the release](https://github.com/websockets/ws/releases/tag/1.0.1) where the issue
was fixed, with a more detailed explanation. Props to
[Arnout Kazemier](https://github.com/3rd-Eden) for the quick fix. Here's the
[Node Security Project disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67).
### What's the solution?
It's important that node.js offers a fast way to get memory otherwise performance-critical
applications would needlessly get a lot slower.
But we need a better way to *signal our intent* as programmers. **When we want
uninitialized memory, we should request it explicitly.**
Sensitive functionality should not be packed into a developer-friendly API that loosely
accepts many different types. This type of API encourages the lazy practice of passing
variables in without checking the type very carefully.
#### A new API: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`
The functionality of creating buffers with uninitialized memory should be part of another
API. We propose `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`. This way, it's not part of an API that
frequently gets user input of all sorts of different types passed into it.
```js
var buf = Buffer.allocUnsafe(16) // careful, uninitialized memory!
// Immediately overwrite the uninitialized buffer with data from another buffer
for (var i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
buf[i] = otherBuf[i]
}
```
### How do we fix node.js core?
We sent [a PR to node.js core](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514) (merged as
`semver-major`) which defends against one case:
```js
var str = 16
new Buffer(str, 'utf8')
```
In this situation, it's implied that the programmer intended the first argument to be a
string, since they passed an encoding as a second argument. Today, node.js will allocate
uninitialized memory in the case of `new Buffer(number, encoding)`, which is probably not
what the programmer intended.
But this is only a partial solution, since if the programmer does `new Buffer(variable)`
(without an `encoding` parameter) there's no way to know what they intended. If `variable`
is sometimes a number, then uninitialized memory will sometimes be returned.
### What's the real long-term fix?
We could deprecate and remove `new Buffer(number)` and use `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` when
we need uninitialized memory. But that would break 1000s of packages.
~~We believe the best solution is to:~~
~~1. Change `new Buffer(number)` to return safe, zeroed-out memory~~
~~2. Create a new API for creating uninitialized Buffers. We propose: `Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)`~~
#### Update
We now support adding three new APIs:
- `Buffer.from(value)` - convert from any type to a buffer
- `Buffer.alloc(size)` - create a zero-filled buffer
- `Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)` - create an uninitialized buffer with given size
This solves the core problem that affected `ws` and `bittorrent-dht` which is
`Buffer(variable)` getting tricked into taking a number argument.
This way, existing code continues working and the impact on the npm ecosystem will be
minimal. Over time, npm maintainers can migrate performance-critical code to use
`Buffer.allocUnsafe(number)` instead of `new Buffer(number)`.
### Conclusion
We think there's a serious design issue with the `Buffer` API as it exists today. It
promotes insecure software by putting high-risk functionality into a convenient API
with friendly "developer ergonomics".
This wasn't merely a theoretical exercise because we found the issue in some of the
most popular npm packages.
Fortunately, there's an easy fix that can be applied today. Use `safe-buffer` in place of
`buffer`.
```js
var Buffer = require('safe-buffer').Buffer
```
Eventually, we hope that node.js core can switch to this new, safer behavior. We believe
the impact on the ecosystem would be minimal since it's not a breaking change.
Well-maintained, popular packages would be updated to use `Buffer.alloc` quickly, while
older, insecure packages would magically become safe from this attack vector.
## links
- [Node.js PR: buffer: throw if both length and enc are passed](https://github.com/nodejs/node/pull/4514)
- [Node Security Project disclosure for `ws`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)
- [Node Security Project disclosure for`bittorrent-dht`](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)
## credit
The original issues in `bittorrent-dht`
([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/68)) and
`ws` ([disclosure](https://nodesecurity.io/advisories/67)) were discovered by
[Mathias Buus](https://github.com/mafintosh) and
[Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org/).
Thanks to [Adam Baldwin](https://github.com/evilpacket) for helping disclose these issues
and for his work running the [Node Security Project](https://nodesecurity.io/).
Thanks to [John Hiesey](https://github.com/jhiesey) for proofreading this README and
auditing the code.
## license
MIT. Copyright (C) [Feross Aboukhadijeh](http://feross.org)

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declare module "safe-buffer" {
export class Buffer {
length: number
write(string: string, offset?: number, length?: number, encoding?: string): number;
toString(encoding?: string, start?: number, end?: number): string;
toJSON(): { type: 'Buffer', data: any[] };
equals(otherBuffer: Buffer): boolean;
compare(otherBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, targetEnd?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
copy(targetBuffer: Buffer, targetStart?: number, sourceStart?: number, sourceEnd?: number): number;
slice(start?: number, end?: number): Buffer;
writeUIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeIntLE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeIntBE(value: number, offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readIntLE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readIntBE(offset: number, byteLength: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readUInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt8(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt16LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt16BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt32LE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readInt32BE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readFloatLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readFloatBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readDoubleLE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
readDoubleBE(offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
swap16(): Buffer;
swap32(): Buffer;
swap64(): Buffer;
writeUInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeUInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt8(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt16LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt16BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt32LE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeInt32BE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeFloatLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeFloatBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeDoubleLE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
writeDoubleBE(value: number, offset: number, noAssert?: boolean): number;
fill(value: any, offset?: number, end?: number): this;
indexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
lastIndexOf(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): number;
includes(value: string | number | Buffer, byteOffset?: number, encoding?: string): boolean;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {str}.
*
* @param str String to store in buffer.
* @param encoding encoding to use, optional. Default is 'utf8'
*/
constructor (str: string, encoding?: string);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate.
*/
constructor (size: number);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
*
* @param array The octets to store.
*/
constructor (array: Uint8Array);
/**
* Produces a Buffer backed by the same allocated memory as
* the given {ArrayBuffer}.
*
*
* @param arrayBuffer The ArrayBuffer with which to share memory.
*/
constructor (arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer);
/**
* Allocates a new buffer containing the given {array} of octets.
*
* @param array The octets to store.
*/
constructor (array: any[]);
/**
* Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new {Buffer} instance.
*
* @param buffer The buffer to copy.
*/
constructor (buffer: Buffer);
prototype: Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new Buffer using an {array} of octets.
*
* @param array
*/
static from(array: any[]): Buffer;
/**
* When passed a reference to the .buffer property of a TypedArray instance,
* the newly created Buffer will share the same allocated memory as the TypedArray.
* The optional {byteOffset} and {length} arguments specify a memory range
* within the {arrayBuffer} that will be shared by the Buffer.
*
* @param arrayBuffer The .buffer property of a TypedArray or a new ArrayBuffer()
* @param byteOffset
* @param length
*/
static from(arrayBuffer: ArrayBuffer, byteOffset?: number, length?: number): Buffer;
/**
* Copies the passed {buffer} data onto a new Buffer instance.
*
* @param buffer
*/
static from(buffer: Buffer): Buffer;
/**
* Creates a new Buffer containing the given JavaScript string {str}.
* If provided, the {encoding} parameter identifies the character encoding.
* If not provided, {encoding} defaults to 'utf8'.
*
* @param str
*/
static from(str: string, encoding?: string): Buffer;
/**
* Returns true if {obj} is a Buffer
*
* @param obj object to test.
*/
static isBuffer(obj: any): obj is Buffer;
/**
* Returns true if {encoding} is a valid encoding argument.
* Valid string encodings in Node 0.12: 'ascii'|'utf8'|'utf16le'|'ucs2'(alias of 'utf16le')|'base64'|'binary'(deprecated)|'hex'
*
* @param encoding string to test.
*/
static isEncoding(encoding: string): boolean;
/**
* Gives the actual byte length of a string. encoding defaults to 'utf8'.
* This is not the same as String.prototype.length since that returns the number of characters in a string.
*
* @param string string to test.
* @param encoding encoding used to evaluate (defaults to 'utf8')
*/
static byteLength(string: string, encoding?: string): number;
/**
* Returns a buffer which is the result of concatenating all the buffers in the list together.
*
* If the list has no items, or if the totalLength is 0, then it returns a zero-length buffer.
* If the list has exactly one item, then the first item of the list is returned.
* If the list has more than one item, then a new Buffer is created.
*
* @param list An array of Buffer objects to concatenate
* @param totalLength Total length of the buffers when concatenated.
* If totalLength is not provided, it is read from the buffers in the list. However, this adds an additional loop to the function, so it is faster to provide the length explicitly.
*/
static concat(list: Buffer[], totalLength?: number): Buffer;
/**
* The same as buf1.compare(buf2).
*/
static compare(buf1: Buffer, buf2: Buffer): number;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate.
* @param fill if specified, buffer will be initialized by calling buf.fill(fill).
* If parameter is omitted, buffer will be filled with zeros.
* @param encoding encoding used for call to buf.fill while initalizing
*/
static alloc(size: number, fill?: string | Buffer | number, encoding?: string): Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
* of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate
*/
static allocUnsafe(size: number): Buffer;
/**
* Allocates a new non-pooled buffer of {size} octets, leaving memory not initialized, so the contents
* of the newly created Buffer are unknown and may contain sensitive data.
*
* @param size count of octets to allocate
*/
static allocUnsafeSlow(size: number): Buffer;
}
}

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/* eslint-disable node/no-deprecated-api */
var buffer = require('buffer')
var Buffer = buffer.Buffer
// alternative to using Object.keys for old browsers
function copyProps (src, dst) {
for (var key in src) {
dst[key] = src[key]
}
}
if (Buffer.from && Buffer.alloc && Buffer.allocUnsafe && Buffer.allocUnsafeSlow) {
module.exports = buffer
} else {
// Copy properties from require('buffer')
copyProps(buffer, exports)
exports.Buffer = SafeBuffer
}
function SafeBuffer (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
}
// Copy static methods from Buffer
copyProps(Buffer, SafeBuffer)
SafeBuffer.from = function (arg, encodingOrOffset, length) {
if (typeof arg === 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must not be a number')
}
return Buffer(arg, encodingOrOffset, length)
}
SafeBuffer.alloc = function (size, fill, encoding) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
var buf = Buffer(size)
if (fill !== undefined) {
if (typeof encoding === 'string') {
buf.fill(fill, encoding)
} else {
buf.fill(fill)
}
} else {
buf.fill(0)
}
return buf
}
SafeBuffer.allocUnsafe = function (size) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
return Buffer(size)
}
SafeBuffer.allocUnsafeSlow = function (size) {
if (typeof size !== 'number') {
throw new TypeError('Argument must be a number')
}
return buffer.SlowBuffer(size)
}

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{
"_args": [
[
"safe-buffer@5.1.2",
"X:\\dev\\neard\\www\\github\\ghaction\\ghaction-import-gpg"
]
],
"_development": true,
"_from": "safe-buffer@5.1.2",
"_id": "safe-buffer@5.1.2",
"_inBundle": false,
"_integrity": "sha512-Gd2UZBJDkXlY7GbJxfsE8/nvKkUEU1G38c1siN6QP6a9PT9MmHB8GnpscSmMJSoF8LOIrt8ud/wPtojys4G6+g==",
"_location": "/safe-buffer",
"_phantomChildren": {},
"_requested": {
"type": "version",
"registry": true,
"raw": "safe-buffer@5.1.2",
"name": "safe-buffer",
"escapedName": "safe-buffer",
"rawSpec": "5.1.2",
"saveSpec": null,
"fetchSpec": "5.1.2"
},
"_requiredBy": [
"/convert-source-map",
"/request",
"/tunnel-agent"
],
"_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/safe-buffer/-/safe-buffer-5.1.2.tgz",
"_spec": "5.1.2",
"_where": "X:\\dev\\neard\\www\\github\\ghaction\\ghaction-import-gpg",
"author": {
"name": "Feross Aboukhadijeh",
"email": "feross@feross.org",
"url": "http://feross.org"
},
"bugs": {
"url": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer/issues"
},
"description": "Safer Node.js Buffer API",
"devDependencies": {
"standard": "*",
"tape": "^4.0.0"
},
"homepage": "https://github.com/feross/safe-buffer",
"keywords": [
"buffer",
"buffer allocate",
"node security",
"safe",
"safe-buffer",
"security",
"uninitialized"
],
"license": "MIT",
"main": "index.js",
"name": "safe-buffer",
"repository": {
"type": "git",
"url": "git://github.com/feross/safe-buffer.git"
},
"scripts": {
"test": "standard && tape test/*.js"
},
"types": "index.d.ts",
"version": "5.1.2"
}